Comparison of Neurofeedback, Vitamin D and Combined Neurofeedback with Vitamin D Supplementation in children with ADHD: A Randomized, Double- blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial

Bachground: Today, some treatments like neurofeedback and Vitamin D Supplementation are of great importance in treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Present literature showed efficacy each of them. For determination of efficacy of combined treatment, this study aims to compare the efficacy of each of them with combined neurofeedback and vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of children suffering from ADHD. Methods: In this randomized, double blind, parallel-group trial, a total of 120 patients (6-15 years) completed the trial. Patients assigned in 3 experimental and 1 control group randomly. The first, the second and the third experimental groups took vitamin D pearl (50,000 IU/week), neurofeedback and combined vitamin D and neurofeedback for 12 weeks respectively. Control group took any treatment. Then Vitamin D serum level was assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks in four groups. For gathering the data, Parent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) was used. Moreover, the data was analyzed using repeated measure variance analysis. Results: The mean scores in 4 groups was significant. Result of repeated measure variance analysis indicated the mean score in combined group was lower than other 3 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined treatment could be more effective than separate treatments and by applying combined intervention the duration of treatment was decreased significantly.